Impact of Physical Activity on Prostate Cancer Incidence

Abstract

Prostate cancer is a leading cancer in men, with its incidence varying among different countries and ethnic groups. The introduction of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has led to increased early detection rates, particularly in high Human Development Index (HDI) countries. Several extrinsic or modifiable factors have been implicated in the development of prostate cancer. Diet, including high meat and dairy consumption, alcohol intake, and dietary supplements, has shown inconsistent associations. Obesity has emerged as a significant risk factor for prostate cancer and can worsen prognosis and treatment outcomes. Conversely, consumption of fish and fish oil has been associated with a lower incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer.

The relationship between physical activity and prostate cancer risk has been extensively studied, yielding mixed results. While physical activity has consistently shown protective effects against other cancers, its association with prostate cancer risk is less clear. Some studies suggest a potential benefit, particularly with vigorous physical activity, while others find no significant association. However, physical activity has demonstrated positive effects on survival rates and disease progression among men already diagnosed with prostate cancer.