Protective Effects of Purple Onion Extract on Malondialdehyde Levels in the Spleen of Wistar Albino Rats with Ibuprofen-Induced Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the antioxidant defence system, plays a pivotal role in drug-induced tissue injury.Ibuprofen, is known to generate ROS, deplete endogenous antioxidants, and induce oxidative damage in various tissues, including the spleen. This study investigates the protective effects of Allium cepa (purple onion) extract on ibuprofen-induced oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats. A total of 25 Wistar albino rats, weighing approximately 200 g each, were divided into five groups (n = 5). Group 1 served as the normal control and received only food and water. Group 2 was administered ibuprofen to induce oxidative stress without treatment. Groups 3 and 4 received ibuprofen alongside low-dose (250 mg/kg) and high-dose (1000 mg/kg) Allium cepa extract, respectively. Group 5 served as the standard control and received ibuprofen with Vitamin C (1000 mg/kg). Biochemical parameters, including malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were analysed to assess lipid peroxidation, while histological examination of the spleen was performed to evaluate tissue-specific effects. The results demonstrated that ibuprofen administration significantly elevated MDA levels, indicating increased oxidative stress. However, treatment with Allium cepa extract, particularly at a high dose, significantly reduced MDA levels and preserved spleen histology compared to the ibuprofen control group. Vitamin C also showed notable protective effects. The findings highlight the potent antioxidant properties of Allium cepa, suggesting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing drug-induced oxidative damage.