Exploring the Postcolonial Legacy in the Poetry of Christopher Okigbo
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research article explores the postcolonial legacy in the poetry of Christopher Okigbo, examining how his work reflects Nigeria’s cultural and historical tensions following colonial rule. Okigbo’s poetry, with its complex interplay of indigenous traditions, personal identity, and national consciousness, offers a profound commentary on the psychological and emotional effects of colonialism. The study addresses key themes such as the reclamation of African identity, the challenges of self-discovery in a postcolonial context, and the resistance against colonial narratives. By analyzing Okigbo’s use of language and imagery, this article highlights how his poetry challenges colonial ideologies and asserts indigenous identities, emphasizing the importance of cultural heritage in shaping postcolonial societies. The research also investigates the intersection of personal and national consciousness in Okigbo’s work, illustrating the poet’s exploration of self amidst a rapidly changing national landscape. Additionally, the role of traditional Nigerian symbols and motifs in conveying postcolonial themes is critically examined, revealing how Okigbo uses these elements to create a sense of belonging and continuity. Ultimately, this article contributes to the understanding of Okigbo’s lasting impact on postcolonial literature and its relevance in contemporary discussions on identity, nationalism, and cultural resilience.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Abdullahi, N. U. (2022). Colonialism as postcolonial discourse: re-reading Ngugi’wa Thiong’o’s early novels. Journal of Postcolonial Writing and World Literatures, 3(1). https://royalliteglobal.com/world-literatures/article/view/747
Agbiboa, D. E. (2013). Ethno-religious Conflicts and the Elusive Quest for National Identity in Nigeria. Journal of Black Studies, 44(1), 3-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934712463147
Agulu, C., & Lemb, J. (2013). The Art Society in Nigeria: The Making of Postcolonial Modernism. Multitudes, 53(2), 59-76. https://shs.cairn.info/journal-multitudes-2013-2-page-59?lang=en.
Agunbiade, O. O. (2023). Inverted Disillusionment in Postcolonial African Literature. Imbizo, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6565/11408
Akinwande, B., Ajayi, F., Igbafe, K., & Olofinsao, O. (2024). A Passionate quest for religious fulfilment: The study of Christopher Okigbo’s Labyrinths. European Journal of English Language Teaching, 9(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejel.v9i2.5446
Amadiume, I. (2015). Of Kola Nuts, Taboos, Leadership, Women’s Rights, and Freedom: New Challenges from Chinua Achebe’s There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra. Journal of West African History, 1(2), 119–146. https://doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.1.2.0119
Brigevich, A., & Oritsejafor, E. (2022). Ethnic versus national identity and satisfaction with democracy: The decline of the ethnic cleavage in Nigeria? Regional & Federal Studies, 34(4), 441–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2022.2128339
Diwan, G., & Pandey, N. (2019). Literature and Existentialism: Themes of Angst and Absurdity. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 11(2), 511-515. DOI:10.48047/INTJECSE/V11I2.670517
Eegunlusi, T. (2017) Mental Alienation and African Identity: Exploring Historical Perspectives in Response to the Crises of African Societies. Open Journal of Philosophy, 7, 1-24. DOI: 10.4236/ojpp.2017.71001
Ezepue, E. M., & Nwafor, C. G. (2023). October 1: Metaphorizing Nigeria’s Collective Trauma of Colonization. Sage Open, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231197271
Fenske, J., Zurimendi, I. (2017). Oil and ethnic inequality in Nigeria. Journal of Economic Growth, 22, 397–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-017-9149-8
Gbogi, T. (2021). Place and the postcolonial poetry of Nigeria. Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 58(3), 293–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2021.1999304
Hadebe, L. (2023). Practical Pedagogy as an Infinite Solution for All Generations’ Developmental Challenges. EIKI Journal of Effective Teaching Methods, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.59652/jetm.v1i2.15
Hapiness, O. C. (2013). The Essence of Symbols on Igbo Modern Thrones. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(6), 457. https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/327
Heerten, L., & Moses, A. D. (2014). The Nigeria–Biafra war: postcolonial conflict and the question of genocide. Journal of Genocide Research, 16(2–3), 169–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2014.936700
Ihejirika, C. (2024). Harnessing African Indigenous Knowledge Systems for Knowledge Production: A Redefinition of a Culture-Centric Epistemology. Journal of Contemporary Philosophical and Anthropological Studies, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.59652/jcpas.v2i1.103
Inyabri, I. I. (2012). Humor as an aesthetico existential strategy in third generation modern Nigerian poetry. Global journal of social sciences, 11(2), 99-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjss.v11i2.2
Izevbaye, D. (2011). Living the myth: revisiting Okigbo’s art and commitment. Tydskrif vir Letterkunde, 48(1), 13-25. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0041-476X2011000100002&lng=en&tlng=en.
James, S. (2023). Art Language through Selected Signs and Symbols of the Yoruba People of Nigeria. European Journal of Philosophy, Culture and Religion, 7(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.47672/ejpcr.1572
Kiguli, S. N. (2020). Wole Soyinka: an introduction: Presented at the African Humanities Program Regional Assembly, National Universities Commission Auditorium, Abuja, Nigeria, 11 February 2020. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 38(2), 171–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2020.1794295
Moffor, E. T. (2024). Objects as Expression of Power, Religion and Therapy: The “Country” Pots in the Bamenda Grassfields Fondoms of Cameroon. Journal of Contemporary Philosophical and Anthropological Studies, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.59652/jcpas.v2i1.149
Mokhoathi, J. (2022). “I am an African”: A Philosophical Enquiry of Identity and Culture. Journal of Black Studies, 53(1), 92-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219347211047874
Musa, I., Salisu, A., & Magaji, S. (2024). Financial Inclusion, Poverty Reduction, and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Study Using SVAR Approach (1980-2020): Financial Inclusion, Poverty Reduction, and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Journal of Economics, Innovative Management and Entrepreneurship, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.59652/jeime.v2i3.256
Nwakanma, O. (2006). Okigbo Agonistes: Postcolonial Subjectivity in “Limits” and “Distances”. Matatu, 33(1), 327-338. https://doi.org/10.1163/18757421-033001037
Nweke, O. C., & Lee, S. (2024). Time, temporality and the reintegration of ex-combatants after the Nigerian-Biafra War. Conflict, Security & Development, 24(4), 299–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2024.2404978
Nwuche, A., Ngonebu, C. & Unachukwu, O. (2024). Imagic iconicity as thematic representation in selected Nigerian children’s poetry. Semiotica, 2024(257), 125-139. https://doi.org/10.1515/sem-2021-0083
Ojaide, T. (2015). Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart in World Literature. In Indigeneity, Globalization, and African Literature. African Histories and Modernities. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137560032_5
Okoye-Ugwu, S. (2021). “beyond the limits of the dream”: Delineating the mythic and ritual sequence in Okigbo’s poetry. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2021.1882070
Oromareghake, P. B. O., Chul, A. A., Mohammed, I., & Johnson, T. (2021). Post-colonial Nigeria and economic dependency: Issues, strategies and the way forward. Arts and Social Science Research, 11(1), 21. https://fassjassr.com.ng/index.php/assr/article/view/41
Oson, A. (2024). Role of Symbolism in Reader Understanding and Interpretation in Nigeria. American Journal of Literature Studies, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.47672/ajls.2022
Richards, D. (2000). ‘Canvas of Blood’: Okigbo‘s African Modernism. In A. Bery, P. Murray (eds) Comparing Postcolonial Literatures. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230599550_18
Sebastian, M. (2012). Postcolonial Theory and Theology: On Educating Ourselves to be Planetary Subjects. In D. Joy, J. F. Duggan (eds) Decolonizing the Body of Christ. Postcolonialism and Religions. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137021038_10
Suhr-Sytsma, N. (2012). Christopher Okigbo, Print, and the Poetry of Postcolonial Modernity. Research in African Literatures, 43(2), 40–62. https://doi.org/10.2979/reseafrilite.43.2.40
Tuki, D. (2024). Violent Conflict and Hostility Towards Ethnoreligious Outgroups in Nigeria. Terrorism and Political Violence, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2023.2285939
Ukah, G. O., & Iwuoha, E. A. (2022). The poetry of Christopher Okigbo: New perspectives and current trends. EBSU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 12(1). https://www.ebsu-jssh.com/index.php/EBSUJSSH/article/view/47
Urama, E. N., & Igwebuike, E. E. (2018). Spiritual Journey and Primordial Self: Requisite Actions for Individual and National Identity in Christopher Okigbo’s Poetry. Journal of Language and Cultural Education, 6(3), 122-134. https://doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2018-0028
Whitehead, A. (2008). Journeying Through Hell: Wole Soyinka, Trauma, and Postcolonial Nigeria. Studies in the Novel, 40(1 & 2), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.1353/sdn.0.0003
William, I. (2009). Post-Colonialism, Memory and the Remaking of African Identity. Politikon, 36(3), 423–443. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589341003600221
Yesufu, A. R. (2001). Ritual and the Quest for Selfhood in Okigbo’s Labyrinths and Brathwaite’s Masks. Neohelicon, 28, 236–245. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011921726365