Effect of Exposure to Air Freshener on Some Hepatic Enzymes and Haematological Parameters of Albino Rats

Abstract

Air fresheners, which are available as incense sticks, scented candles, aerosols, liquids, gels, and electric diffusers, are used to mask odors with refreshing scents. They are widely used in homes, cars, and offices, marketed to create a clean and pleasant indoor atmosphere. However, many air fresheners contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can have harmful effects on human health. This study evaluated the effects of exposure to a gel air freshener on hepatic enzymes and hematological parameters in albino rats. Thirty (30) albino rats, weighing 200-260g, were divided into three groups of ten rats each, and acclimatized for two weeks under 12-hour light/dark cycles with free access to food and water. Group I (Control) was not exposed to the air freshener, Group II was exposed to the air freshener for 4 hours daily for 28 days, and Group III for 8 hours daily for 28 days. After the treatment, the rats fasted overnight, were anesthetized with chloroform, and blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture. AST and ALT were assayed using enzymatic methods, and hematological parameters were measured with the Sysmex XP-300 Automated Haematology Analyzer (5-part). Results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in AST, ALT, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and platelet levels in Group III compared to Groups I and II. No significant difference was found between Groups I and II. This suggests that 8-hour daily exposure to air freshener for 28 days induces hepatocellular damage and alters hematological parameters in albino rats, with the extent of damage increasing with longer exposure. However, further studies on humans are recommended.