Neurological and biochemical impacts of datura metel hydroeth-anolic seed extracts on the hippocampus and cerebellar cortex of apparently healthy adult rats

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Published: Nov 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v2i4.320
Keywords:
Neurological, neurotoxicological study of Datura, Neurotoxicity, biochemical impacts of Datura Metel

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God'sman Eberechukwu
Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Oboma Yibala
Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island. Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Datura is a well-known toxic plant, and several cases of death due to Datura intoxication have been reported. It has been documented as a plant with hallucinogenic properties. This study aimed to determine the biochemical and neurological effects of hydroethanolic seed extracts of Datura metel on the hippocampus and cerebellar cortex of adult rats. Twenty-five adult rats were assigned into five (5) groups (A, B, C, D, and E). Group A served as the negative control, and B served as the positive control, administered with lead acetate. While groups C, D and E were treated with 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 600mg/kg body weight of the seed extracts. The animals were humanely sacrificed after 14 days of exposure. Haematoxylin, eosin stain, and immunohistochemical staining were carried out for neurofilament proteins (NFP) and neuro-specific enolase (NSE). Brain tissues for biochemical analysis were homogenized, and the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione S-Transferase were measured. Results showed a non-statistically significant increase in SOD, catalase, and GST. However, there was a statistically significant decrease in the level of MDA. Oral administration of hydroethanolic seed extracts of Datura metel in adult rats created changes in the histology of the hippocampus and cerebellar cortex of the rats, such as perineural vacuolation and apparent reduction in neuronal cells. The results of the immunohistochemical investigation point to a dose-dependent increase in NFP, while NSE was markedly expressed.

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How to Cite
Eberechukwu, G., & Yibala, O. (2024). Neurological and biochemical impacts of datura metel hydroeth-anolic seed extracts on the hippocampus and cerebellar cortex of apparently healthy adult rats. Annals of Innovation in Medicine, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.59652/aim.v2i4.320
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Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): Annals of Innovation in Medicine
Section
Research Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Author Biography

Oboma Yibala, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island. Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Datura metel is a plant of medical importance, often abused due to its psychostimulatory properties. Its use to relieve flu symptoms has led to an upsurge in consumption. This study provides an evidence-based result that oral administration of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Datura metel elicits a neurotoxic effect in the hippocampus and cerebellar cortex. Five groups, A, B, C, D, and E, each including five adult rats, were formed out of the 25 rats. Group C, D, and E were treated with hydroethanolic leaf extracts of 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 600mg/kg body weight respectively. Whereas, group A served as the negative control and group B as the positive control. The methodology included biochemical analysis on antioxidants enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Also, haematoxylin and eosin stain, neurospecific enolase and neurofilaments were used to evaluate the neurohistology/histochemistry. Exposure to hydroethanolic extracts of Datura metel significantly increased SOD and GST (p= 0.042 and 0.003). However, there was no significant increase in catalase and MDA after 14 days of exposure. Qualitatively, neuronal degenerations in adult rats confirmed the neurotoxicity of Datura metel. The hippocampus, and cerebellar cortex showed neurodegenerative signs including diminished neuronal cells, dendritic arborisation, vacuolation, increased neurofilament proteins and neuro-enolase enzymes. Therefore, people should be well guided on using the plant, especially given the negative effect on the brain as shown in experimental animals used in this study.

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