A Survey of Administrative Support among Teachers in Rural Schools in the Philippines
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This study examined the critical relationship between administrative support and teacher retention and job satisfaction of rural teachers in Antique, Philippines, under the Social Exchange Theory. Recognizing that rural schools are typically plagued by limited resources, professional loneliness, and high rates of turnover, the study aimed to determine what kind of administrative support is most effective to maintain teacher motivation and long-term commitment. A descriptive-correlational quantitative design was utilized, and data were obtained from 100 rural teachers through a structured online questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics using Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were used to examine the responses. We established that teachers reported receiving moderate support in resource provision (M = 10.5, SD = 2.8) and staff training (M = 11.2, SD = 3.1), but high emotional support (M = 12.8, SD = 2.5). Emotional support had the strongest and positive relationship with job satisfaction and retention, which implies that empathy, encouragement, and interpersonal sensitivity of school leaders are crucial in maintaining teacher well-being. Professional growth opportunities were also strongly associated, albeit with a lesser impact, suggesting that continuous training and professional skills building continue to be important for teacher development. In contrast, resource availability had no significant connection, reflecting ongoing issues with the equitable allocation of materials and infrastructure in rural areas. These results underscore the call for site-specific interventions addressing emotional support and professional development as well as meeting systemic resource needs. Enhancing teacher retention and satisfaction fosters improved educational quality in rural areas. Such capacity building in these areas can increase teacher satisfaction and retention, which in turn, improves the overall quality of education.
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